Impact of biomass value web intensification on household livelihood security among maize farming households in Nigeria

Biomass-based value web approaches are increasingly promoted as sustainable pathways for improving rural livelihoods and resource efficiency in smallholder farming systems, yet empirical evidence on their livelihood impacts remains limited. This study examines the relationship between participation in the maize biomass value web and household livelihood security in Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 300 maize farming households using a multi-stage sampling technique, of which 288 valid observations were retained for analysis. Household livelihood security was assessed using a composite index encompassing economic, food, health, education, and empowerment dimensions, while the intensity of maize biomass value web participation was measured using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. The analysis employed descriptive statistics and Seemingly Unrelated Regression models. The results indicate that greater intensity of maize biomass value web participation is positively and statistically associated with household economic and food security. Specifically, a unit increase in maize usage intensity is linked to approximately a 10% improvement in economic security and a 17% improvement in food security. These findings suggest that diversified and intensified utilization of maize biomass within a value web framework can contribute to more sustainable livelihood outcomes. The study underscores the potential of biomass-based value web strategies to support inclusive and sustainable rural development in maize-based farming systems.