How digital intelligence technologies reshape emergency collaboration: An agent-based model of multi-actor governance

The rapid development of digital intelligence technologies (DITs) such as big data and artificial intelligence has revolutionized the field of emergency management by strengthening strategic alignment and coordination among governing entities. To explore how DITs can drive the process of emergency collaboration, this study develops a theoretical model based on collaborative governance theory, resource dependence theory, and public value theory. Empirical data were gathered through interviews conducted in five districts and counties of Hunan Province. Building on this foundation, we propose an agent-based model for emergency collaboration driven by digital intelligence, designed to simulate the impact of these technologies on emergency collaborative processes. Our findings indicate that well-constructed and applied DITs can enhance the participation of governments, businesses, social organizations, and the public in emergency collaboration. Moreover, these technologies have the greatest impact on enhancing the emergency capabilities of these four types of governance entities, followed by their effects on resource collaboration and the achievement of collaborative consensus. Finally, due to differences in role orientation and resource possession among the governance entities, the impact of DITs on their emergency collaboration also varies. This study elucidates the application and impact of DITs in emergency collaboration, offering valuable insights and references for the modernization of emergency management.