A comprehensive phytochemical evaluation of fisetin by <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant assays, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity, antiproliferative assays, and DNA protection assay

Fisetin is a flavonoid that is widely present in nature and it is known for containing many health enhancing properties, it was found to act as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anticancer.The fisetin antioxidation activity was assessed by the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power, in addition to hydroxyl radical scavenging assay.This study conducted protein denaturation and anti-proteinase inhibition assays for detection of fisetin's anti-inflammatory activity.Moreover, alpha-amylase inhibition assay was conducted to detect if fisetin contains antidiabetic effectiveness, while antimicrobial efficacy against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus was tested by the use of agar diffusion method.Finally, fisetin's ability to protect human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was tested using a ultra-violet/H 2 O 2 -radical system.Fisetin demonstrated very strong TAC and a also very strong, dose dependent reducing power and radical scavenging activity.It was able to inhibit the induced protein denaturation as well as proteinase activity, which indicated a clear anti-inflammatory potential.In the antidiabetic assay, the performance of fisetin was better when compared to the standard acarbose.The antimicrobial tests results showed clear zones of inhibition against all the pathogens tested.Moreover, fisetin provided a significant, concentration, dependent protection against DNA damage induced by hydroxyl radicals.Conclusion: The study results provide strong evidence that fisetin is a very potent and multitargeted biologically active phytochemical that can serve as a naturally therapeutic drug or adjuvant in drug combinations in the treatment of chronic disease and infections.