Navigational Safety Assessment in Benoa Channel Based on Course over Ground and Trajectory

This study evaluated ship berthing safety in Benoa Port using AIS data and the MMG model. Firstly, AIS data derived from the AIS receiver at Udayana University was analyzed based on the COG entropy method. Secondly, the trajectory of the Passenger Ship Celebrity Solstice, the largest ship in the port with 317.19 meters LOA and 36.9 meters width, was evaluated using the shortest distance to an obstacle based on the trajectory plotted from the AIS data. Finally, a Pure Car Carrier was simulated based on the Mathematical Maneuvering Group model to berth in the port to assess berthing safety in the Port. The COG entropy method is implemented in three positions in the port channel, the course-changing, course-keeping, and turning basing areas. The study shows that ship berthing safety using the COG entropy in all areas is at high risk. The shortest distances of the Celebrity Solstice and the Pure Car Carrier were to the obstacle of shallow water, less than the distance recommended by Innoe. Based on the maneuvering simulation results, the maximum wind and current speed for the port operation is recommended.