Sellar Lesions: Novel Aspects in Diagnosis and Management

In this comprehensive review, we explore the evolving landscape of research and clinical practices in sellar lesions, emphasizing recent advancements in histopathology and molecular biology. Distinct lesions can arise from the sellar area, predominantly comprising different tumor types, inflammatory conditions, or systemic conditions. The recent CNS5 World Health Organization classification integrates genetic modifications into histopathological characteristics, enhancing the ability to predict the biological behavior and malignant potential of these lesions. Furthermore, the molecular alterations discovered in these tumors may act as valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicators, facilitating a tailored approach, especially for those demonstrating aggressive characteristics resistant to conventional treatments. The scope of the present review is to provide a comprehensive insight into the current understanding of sellar lesions with regard to emerging prognostic factors, like molecular alterations, to advances in clinical strategies, and to identification of potential new therapeutic targets within the oncology field.