Seasonal Variation and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Groundwater: Implications for Water Quality and Health Risks
Background: This study evaluated the seasonal and spatial distribution of twelve heavy metals in the groundwater samples collected in fifty wells with the aim of assessing the quality of water and health hazards associated with it. The data were analyzed to compare the wet and dry seasons were the analytical data using pollution indices, the Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI), and the Single-Factor Pollution Index (SFPI). The results revealed that the water quality was mainly excellent (NPI < 0.01) even though in some areas, lead, vanadium, and copper were contaminated. Arsenic (0.0008–0.0145 μg/L), chromium (0.0009–0.0096 μg/L), and nickel (
Authors
- Muzhda Qasim Qader (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3561-7137)
- Shevan Jamel Jirjees
- Chiyai Maroof Sharif
- Masoud H. Hameed
Publication Details
- Journal
- Baghdad Science Journal
- Published
- 2026-03-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.21123/2411-7986.5243
- Primary Topic
- Heavy metals in environment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00