A Study on Safety Risk Identification and Governance in Universities Based on the 2-4-4R Model

The sustainable development of university safety governance is an important component of the national security management system and also serves as a fundamental safeguard for protecting the life and health of students and staff on campus. The improvement of university safety risk governance relies on analyzing the identification of various safety risks and maintaining an effective crisis management process for potential sudden safety risks. The 24Model and the 4R model have respectively demonstrated strong analytical advantages in the fields of accident causation analysis and emergency crisis management; however, few studies have examined the internal relationship between them. This study attempts to integrate the 24Model and the 4R crisis management framework to propose and analyze a 2-4-4R model for university safety risk management. Through a case study, the model is applied to analyze a laboratory explosion accident at a university. The results show that the risk factors leading to campus safety accidents can be analyzed from four aspects: safety culture, safety management system, individual factors, and unsafe acts and physical conditions. University safety management should comprehensively identify these four types of factors and propose governance measures sequentially from the four stages of reduction, readiness, response, and recovery in order to improve safety management capacity. The case analysis confirms that the 2-4-4R model has applicability and practical value in the identification and governance analysis of university safety risks. It provides a systematic research perspective for the identification and management of safety risks in universities, and is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of universities.