Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy over 20 Years in a High-Volume Italian Centre: Positive Outcomes with Low Complications—The Sassuolo Hospital Experience

Background: Pediatric adenotonsillectomy is commonly performed for infectious and obstructive indications, but postoperative hemorrhage remains a concern. This study describes outcomes from a high-volume territorial network in southern Modena province, Italy. Methods: Retrospective observational study of 10,753 pediatric patients (aged 3–18 years) undergoing adenotonsillectomy at Sassuolo Hospital and affiliates (Vignola, Pavullo) from 2005 to 2024. Indications included recurrent tonsillitis (Paradise criteria), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (polysomnography-confirmed or clinical), and recurrent otitis media or otitis media with effusion (OME). Surgical techniques included curettage adenoidectomy and Colorado microdissection needle tonsillectomy. Our institutional postoperative care protocol included analgesics, oral hydration, soft diet, antibiotics (amoxicillin) and scheduled follow-up; however, no analysis regarding this protocol was intended to demonstrate correlations with study outcomes. Primary outcomes were postoperative hemorrhage (overall and requiring revision), stratified by indication, age, and technique, and contextualized against ranges reported in large published cohorts (qualitative, exploratory comparison). Secondary outcomes included pain (VAS scores), infection rates, and tissue regrowth. Data completeness was verified via electronic records (95.6%). Statistical analyses used descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and inferential tests for within-cohort comparisons (χ2 tests, Fisher’s exact test, and t-tests where appropriate). Results: A total of 10,753 procedures were analyzed (4325 tonsillectomies, 3942 adenotonsillectomies, 2486 adenoidectomies). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 202 patients (1.88%; 95% CI 1.64–2.15%); surgical revision was required in 75 (0.70%; 95% CI 0.56–0.87%), with multifactorial stratification showing higher risk for infectious indications (OR 1.41 vs. OSA), younger age < 5 years (OR 2.1), and tonsillectomy origin (OR 8.25 vs. adenoidectomy); all rates are at the lower end of literature ranges (2–5% and 0.9–2.5%, respectively), in line with large published cohorts, although these comparisons are qualitative and exploratory. Mean VAS pain scores decreased from 3.2 (day 1) to 1.1 (day 7). No significant infections occurred; tissue regrowth rates aligned with the literature (adenoidal 6–26%, tonsillar 5–10%). Conclusions: Sassuolo Hospital’s experience highlights favorable postoperative outcomes and low complication rates in adenotonsillar surgery. Limitations include the retrospective design, potential selection bias and long period evaluation. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.