Evidence for Neutrino Emission from X-Ray Bright Seyfert Galaxies in the Southern Hemisphere Using Enhanced Starting Track Events with IceCube

Abstract IceCube recently reported the observation of TeV neutrinos from the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, and the corresponding neutrino flux is significantly higher than the upper limit implied by observations of GeV–TeV gamma rays. This suggests that neutrinos are produced near the supermassive black hole, where the radiation density is high enough to obscure gamma rays. We use a set of muon neutrinos with interaction vertices inside the detector, which have good sensitivity to sources in the southern sky, from IceCube data recorded between 2011 and 2021. We then search for individual and collective neutrino signals from 14 Seyfert galaxies in the southern sky selected from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope AGN Spectroscopic Survey. Using the correlations between keV X-rays and TeV neutrinos predicted by disk–corona models, and assuming production characteristics similar to NGC 1068, a collective neutrino signal search reveals an excess of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> events, which is inconsistent with background expectations at the 3 σ level of significance. In this Letter, we present new independent evidence that Seyfert galaxies contribute to the extragalactic flux of high-energy neutrinos.

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The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published
2026-03-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae4aac
Primary Topic
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
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article

Evidence for Neutrino Emission from X-Ray Bright Seyfert Galaxies in the Southern Hemisphere Using Enhanced Starting Track Events with IceCube

Kiara Carloni, Rasmus Orsoe, Rishi Babu, Philip Weigel et al.
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Evidence for Neutrino Emission from X-Ray Bright Seyfert Galaxies in the Southern Hemisphere Using Enhanced Starting Track Events with IceCube

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article en

Abstract

Abstract IceCube recently reported the observation of TeV neutrinos from the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, and the corresponding neutrino flux is significantly higher than the upper limit implied by observations of GeV–TeV gamma rays. This suggests that neutrinos are produced near the supermassive black hole, where the radiation density is high enough to obscure gamma rays. We use a set of muon neutrinos with interaction vertices inside the detector, which have good sensitivity to sources in the southern sky, from IceCube data recorded between 2011 and 2021. We then search for individual and collective neutrino signals from 14 Seyfert galaxies in the southern sky selected from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope AGN Spectroscopic Survey. Using the correlations between keV X-rays and TeV neutrinos predicted by disk–corona models, and assuming production characteristics similar to NGC 1068, a collective neutrino signal search reveals an excess of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> events, which is inconsistent with background expectations at the 3 σ level of significance. In this Letter, we present new independent evidence that Seyfert galaxies contribute to the extragalactic flux of high-energy neutrinos.

The Astrophysical Journal LettersVol. 1000(2)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE), Marquette University (US), University of Geneva (CH), Uppsala University (SE), University of Copenhagen (DK), Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Pennsylvania State University (US), Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE), University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE), University of Wisconsin–Madison (US), Harvard University (US), University of Padua (IT), University of Wisconsin–River Falls (US), Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College (US), University of Kansas (US), University of Alaska Anchorage (US), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), Mercer University (US), University of Alberta (CA), Chiba University (JP), Stockholm University (SE), University of Wuppertal (DE), University of Alabama (US), Simon Fraser University (CA), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE), South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (US), University of Canterbury (NZ), Loyola University Chicago (US), Providence College (US), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE), TU Dortmund University (DE), University of California, Irvine (US), Queen's University (CA), University of Utah (US), University of Münster (DE), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY (DE), Ghent University (BE), Yale University (US), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE), University of Oxford (GB), Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica (TW), The Ohio State University (US), University of Rochester (US), The University of Adelaide (AU), Stony Brook University (US), Technical University of Munich (DE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US), University of Maryland, College Park (US), Chung-Ang University (KR), Drexel University (US), Columbia University (US), Sungkyunkwan University (KR), University of Delaware (US), Michigan State University (US), RWTH Aachen University (DE), Ruhr University Bochum (DE), University of California, Berkeley (US), UCLouvain (BE)
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