Tuning Immersion and Performance with Adaptive Generative Music in VR

Music in virtual environments often enhances atmosphere and pacing, not performance. AI/procedural audio enable real-time adaptive soundtracks, but their behavioral effects in HMD-VR are unclear. We built a VR archery system with Unity, Google MusicFXDJ, Ubiq-Genie generating music from gameplay events. In a within-subjects study (N=22), participants shot with a matched fixed soundtrack or an adaptive one that raised tension in four phases as arrows ran out. Adaptive music increased presence and emotional impact and produced an inverted-U on precision: moderate tension improved accuracy and aiming time; high tension impaired both. AI music can act as feedback for VR training/rehab/entertainment.

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University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)
Published
2026-03-21
Primary Topic
Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
Type
article
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article

Tuning Immersion and Performance with Adaptive Generative Music in VR

Riccardo Bovo, Anthony Steed, Daniele; id_orcid 0000-0003-1674-8876 Giunchi, Eyal; id_orcid 0000-0003-4750-1569 Ofek et al.
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)
Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
article

Tuning Immersion and Performance with Adaptive Generative Music in VR

Riccardo Bovo, Anthony Steed, Daniele; id_orcid 0000-0003-1674-8876 Giunchi, Eyal; id_orcid 0000-0003-4750-1569 Ofek, Pasquale Cascarano, Jiayuan Wen
article en

Abstract

Music in virtual environments often enhances atmosphere and pacing, not performance. AI/procedural audio enable real-time adaptive soundtracks, but their behavioral effects in HMD-VR are unclear. We built a VR archery system with Unity, Google MusicFXDJ, Ubiq-Genie generating music from gameplay events. In a within-subjects study (N=22), participants shot with a matched fixed soundtrack or an adaptive one that raised tension in four phases as arrows ran out. Adaptive music increased presence and emotional impact and produced an inverted-U on precision: moderate tension improved accuracy and aiming time; high tension impaired both. AI music can act as feedback for VR training/rehab/entertainment.

University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)
University College London (GB), University of Greenwich (GB), University of Bologna (IT)
Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
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