Evaluating Oral Candidal Carriage and Association with Dental Carious and Gingival Lesions in Adults

Abstract Introduction: The oral cavity is home to several species of Candida , the most prevalent of which is Candida albicans . However, their role as potential co-pathogens in multifactorial diseases such as dental caries and gingivitis remains an area of active investigation. The synergistic interactions between Candida and cariogenic bacteria, as well as their pro-inflammatory potential, suggest a more significant contribution to oral diseases than previously understood. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved healthy adults aged 20–50 years. Researchers clinically evaluated dental caries (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth [DMFT] Index) and gingival health (Gingival Index [GI]). They also collected unstimulated saliva to quantify Candida colonies (CFU/mL) on Sabouraud dextrose agar, dividing participants into Candida -positive and Candida -negative groups. The study used t -tests and Pearson correlation to statistically analyse the relationship between the presence of Candida and oral health status, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Nearly half (48.5%) of subjects carried oral Candida . This Candida -positive group had significantly worse dental caries (DMFT) and gingivitis (GI) scores compared to the negative group ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, Candida colony counts showed a moderate positive correlation with the severity of both conditions. Conclusion: Carrying Candida in the mouth is common in adults and is linked to more severe gingival irritation and a heavier load of dental caries. According to these results, Candida might be a major contributor to the development of these prevalent oral disorders and a major risk signal for them.