Separable surfaces that are critical points of the Dirichlet energy

Abstract In this paper, we study surfaces $$z=\varphi (x,y)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in Euclidean space that satisfy the equation $$\varphi _{xx}+\varphi _{yy}=\frac{\Lambda }{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>xx</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>yy</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$\Lambda \in \mathbb {R}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a real constant. We classify these surfaces when they are the zero level sets of an implicit equation of the type $$f(x)+g(y)+h(z)=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where f , g and h are smooth functions of one variable. If $$\Lambda =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we find a large family of surfaces with interesting symmetry properties. However, if $$\Lambda \not =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we show that the surfaces must be either surfaces of revolution or of the type $$z=f(x)+g(y)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ; furthermore, explicit parametrizations of these surfaces are obtained.

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manuscripta mathematica
Published
2026-03-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00229-026-01712-8
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
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article
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article

Separable surfaces that are critical points of the Dirichlet energy

Rafael López
manuscripta mathematica
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
article

Separable surfaces that are critical points of the Dirichlet energy

Rafael López
article en

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we study surfaces $$z=\varphi (x,y)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> in Euclidean space that satisfy the equation $$\varphi _{xx}+\varphi _{yy}=\frac{\Lambda }{2}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>xx</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>yy</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> where $$\Lambda \in \mathbb {R}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a real constant. We classify these surfaces when they are the zero level sets of an implicit equation of the type $$f(x)+g(y)+h(z)=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where f , g and h are smooth functions of one variable. If $$\Lambda =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we find a large family of surfaces with interesting symmetry properties. However, if $$\Lambda \not =0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we show that the surfaces must be either surfaces of revolution or of the type $$z=f(x)+g(y)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ; furthermore, explicit parametrizations of these surfaces are obtained.

manuscripta mathematicaVol. 177(2)
Universidad de Granada (ES)
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
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