Trans-Generational Continuity of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

The title change is planned to revert to its original form. AbstractWe call it dark matter because we cannot see it, and dark energy because we do notunderstand it. Both names reflect our limitations rather than the nature of the things themselves.This paper proposes that what is conventionally termed dark matter is more preciselyFundamental Matter (FM) — the basic form of matter, interacting solely through gravity — andthat what is conventionally termed dark energy is more precisely Fundamental Energy (FE) —the basic expansive property of space, symmetric to gravity, interacting with space itself ratherthan with matter.Version 1.5 introduces a unifying thermodynamic observation: both FM and FE are inert withrespect to entropy. FM exists at maximum entropy — the most probable, most disordereddistribution of gravity-only matter — and therefore does not change. FE has zero entropy byconstruction, as it is a uniform property of space rather than a statistical ensemble. Ordinarymatter, by contrast, undergoes entropic change: it cycles, complexifies, and gives rise tostructure, chemistry, and life. This asymmetry — between the entropic invariance of FM and FEon one hand, and the entropic activity of ordinary matter on the other — is proposed as thefundamental reason why FM and FE persist across cosmological transitions while ordinarymatter does not.Version 1.5 also resolves the cosmological constant problem through a terminologicalclarification: vacuum energy and Fundamental Energy are categorically distinct. Vacuum energyis part of the matter sector — it is matter in latent form, extractable as real particles via Hawkingradiation. FE is a property of space itself, not extractable by any black hole mechanism. Theirconflation in standard treatments is the source of the 10¹²²-order discrepancy. Once separated,the problem dissolves.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-03-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19164386
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Trans-Generational Continuity of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Jaehwa Hong
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Trans-Generational Continuity of Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Jaehwa Hong
article en

Abstract

The title change is planned to revert to its original form. AbstractWe call it dark matter because we cannot see it, and dark energy because we do notunderstand it. Both names reflect our limitations rather than the nature of the things themselves.This paper proposes that what is conventionally termed dark matter is more preciselyFundamental Matter (FM) — the basic form of matter, interacting solely through gravity — andthat what is conventionally termed dark energy is more precisely Fundamental Energy (FE) —the basic expansive property of space, symmetric to gravity, interacting with space itself ratherthan with matter.Version 1.5 introduces a unifying thermodynamic observation: both FM and FE are inert withrespect to entropy. FM exists at maximum entropy — the most probable, most disordereddistribution of gravity-only matter — and therefore does not change. FE has zero entropy byconstruction, as it is a uniform property of space rather than a statistical ensemble. Ordinarymatter, by contrast, undergoes entropic change: it cycles, complexifies, and gives rise tostructure, chemistry, and life. This asymmetry — between the entropic invariance of FM and FEon one hand, and the entropic activity of ordinary matter on the other — is proposed as thefundamental reason why FM and FE persist across cosmological transitions while ordinarymatter does not.Version 1.5 also resolves the cosmological constant problem through a terminologicalclarification: vacuum energy and Fundamental Energy are categorically distinct. Vacuum energyis part of the matter sector — it is matter in latent form, extractable as real particles via Hawkingradiation. FE is a property of space itself, not extractable by any black hole mechanism. Theirconflation in standard treatments is the source of the 10¹²²-order discrepancy. Once separated,the problem dissolves.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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Trans-Generational Continuity of Dark Matter and Dark Energy — Jaehwa Hong · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS