The Influence of Gender on Isokinetic Knee Performance

Introduction: Gender-related differences in muscle performance are well documented and are influenced by muscle mass, neuromuscular activity, and hormonal factors. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of gender on isokinetic knee performance and body composition. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational, comparative study involving 30 healthy adults (15 men, 15 women), conducted in Marrakech. Body composition was assessed using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle performance was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer at various angular velocities and contraction modes (concentric, eccentric). Results: Men showed higher muscle mass (54.79 ± 2.43 kg vs. 41.14 ± 6.18 kg) and lower fat mass (13.15 ± 3.65 kg vs. 20.61 ± 7.12 kg) than women. Peak torque values were consistently higher in men across all velocities and contraction modes, with statistically significant differences in most testing modalities (all p < 0.001), except for eccentric right extensors at 30°/s (p = 0.065). The hamstring-to-quadriceps (H/Q) ratio did not differ significantly between sexes at 60°/s or 180°/s but was lower in women at 240°/s on the right side (p = 0.028). Muscle mass was strongly correlated with performance (r = 0.522 to 0.877), while fat mass showed weaker negative correlations with peak torque (r = -0.267 to -0.420). ​​​​​​​ Conclusion: Gender has a significant influence on isokinetic performance. The lower H/Q ratio observed in women may have implications for neuromuscular balance and injury prevention. Gender-specific rehabilitation programs are recommended.