Women as Epistemic Authorities in Mahabharata: The Dialogue and Debate in the Shape of Dharma

The Mahabharata is one of the two principal epics in Sanskrit literature, offering a profound narrative of ancient Indian culture and civilization. It transcends a mere recounting of the conflict between the Kauravas and Pandavas, providing a comprehensive perspective on moral and ethical issues interwoven with complexities in relationships and duties. While the male characters are predominantly associated with battles and warfare, the female characters play a pivotal role in addressing and challenging the moral and ethical dilemmas within the narrative. The portrayal of women in the epic is intricate, prompting inquiries into the social and philosophical insights of that era. Despite the patriarchal constraints, significant female figures such as Satyavati, Kunti, Gandhari, Draupadi, and even Amba, are not depicted as passive or silent observers of the male-dominated exploits. They have articulated objections and asserted their individuality when necessary. These women embody strength, foresight, determination, resilience, and intelligence, enabling them to navigate the complexities of social intrigues and court politics. This research paper closely examines some selected female characters in the epic Mahabharata from an epistemic perspective, analysing their role and dialogues in revealing the moral and ethical dimensions of the time. It also seeks to understand how their epistemic contributions shaped the broader understanding of dharma and the role of women within it. By exploring the key female characters and their respective incidents, the paper aims to highlight their dialogues and debates, establishing them as epistemic authorities in the epic Mahabharata.