Africa's Most Invested Conflicts: Military Costs and Peace Efforts

Africa's security landscape from 1990 to 2025 has been shaped by internal conflicts4civil wars, insurgencies, and ethnic violence4rather than interstate wars. These conflicts have driven significant military spending, often diverting resources from development, and have been sustained by illicit economies and external actors. Peacekeeping efforts, while costly, are frequently underfunded and struggle to address root causes. This analysis details 50 major African conflicts, their military and peacekeeping costs, key actors, funding sources, and outcomes, while exploring why peacebuilding remains underfunded.