Probing time-varying dark energy with DESI: the crucial role of precision matter density ($$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$) measurements

Abstract Accurate measurements of fundamental cosmological parameters, especially the Hubble constant ( $$H_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) and present-day matter density ( $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ), are crucial for constraining dark energy (DE) evolution. We analyze the sensitivities of cosmological observables ( H ( z ), $$D_L(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\text {E}_{\text {G}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>E</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>G</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) to $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , $$\omega _{0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and $$\omega _{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> under different parametrizations. Our results show observables are far more sensitive to $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> than to DE equation of state parameters (e.g., at $$z \sim 0.5$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , H ( z )’s $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> sensitivity is $$\sim 0.7$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> vs. $$\omega _{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ’s $$\sim 0.04$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). This hierarchy mandates high-precision $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> measurements to accurately constrain time-varying DE. We also find DE parameter sensitivity highly depends on parametrization; the standard CPL form shows low sensitivity to $$\omega _{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">

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Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2026-03-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15541-2
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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article
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article

Probing time-varying dark energy with DESI: the crucial role of precision matter density ($$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$) measurements

Seokcheon Lee
The European Physical Journal C
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
article

Probing time-varying dark energy with DESI: the crucial role of precision matter density ($$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$) measurements

Seokcheon Lee
article en

Abstract

Abstract Accurate measurements of fundamental cosmological parameters, especially the Hubble constant ( $$H_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) and present-day matter density ( $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ), are crucial for constraining dark energy (DE) evolution. We analyze the sensitivities of cosmological observables ( H ( z ), $$D_L(z)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\text {E}_{\text {G}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>E</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>G</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) to $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , $$\omega _{0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and $$\omega _{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> under different parametrizations. Our results show observables are far more sensitive to $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> than to DE equation of state parameters (e.g., at $$z \sim 0.5$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , H ( z )’s $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> sensitivity is $$\sim 0.7$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> vs. $$\omega _{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ω</mml:mi> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ’s $$\sim 0.04$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). This hierarchy mandates high-precision $$\Omega _\mathrm{{m} 0}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> measurements to accurately constrain time-varying DE. We also find DE parameter sensitivity highly depends on parametrization; the standard CPL form shows low sensitivity to $$\omega _{a}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">

The European Physical Journal CVol. 86(3)
Sungkyunkwan University (KR)
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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