Treatment of midface trauma and proposal of clinical questions

Midface fractures can cause a range of functional impairments, including malocclusion, limited mouth opening, sensory disturbances, ocular motility disorders, and globe malposition, as well as craniofacial deformities.Effective treatment must address both functional recovery and aesthetic considerations.Recently, advancements in fracture management have introduced more accurate techniques such as 3D simulation, navigation systems, and patient-specific instruments (PSIs) .Additionally, the development of 3D-printed plates and novel absorbable bone fixation materials has enhanced the precision and reliability of treatment.This review article presents evidence-based diagnostic and foundational treatment approaches for midfacial trauma, focusing on zygomatic, orbital, and maxillary fractures.Furthermore, clinical questions (CQs) are proposed and introduced for the revision of the oral and maxillofacial trauma treatment guideline.