A Data-driven Approach to Assess the Need for Priority Treatment of Potentially Contaminated Sites (PCSs) in Slovenia

This paper presents a multi-criteria decision-making model for assessing the need for priority treatment of potentially contaminated sites (PCSs) in Slovenia, with the aim of reducing risks to human health and preventing further environmental degradation, and to support the establishment of a national PCS management system. We established and developed a model consisting of four criteria and nine indicators reflecting environmental sensitivity and human-health risk. Application of the model shows that 35 sites (5%) fall into the highest vulnerability class, while additional 196 sites require accelerated investigation or remediation. The largest share of sites (248) exhibits a moderate need for priority treatment. Spatial analysis reveals that many PCSs are located on permeable geological formations, near surface waters, or within water protection zones, underscoring their exposure to contaminant migration. These vulnerabilities are further amplified by increasing climate-related hazards, such as extreme precipitation and flooding. The proposed approach provides an objective basis for identifying the most critical sites where interventions would yield the greatest environmental, social, and economic benefits. It supports more strategic decision making, optimizes resource allocation, and strengthens Slovenia’s capacity to implement national and European environmental and climate commitments.