Facilitators and barriers to self-management among patients with maintenance hemodialysis in central China: a qualitative study

Maintenance hemodialysis patients' self-management is a systemic issue; single-level interventions fail to fundamentally improve outcomes. Based on the Social Ecological Model, it is imperative to establish a multidimensional collaborative intervention system covering individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and social levels to comprehensively enhance their self-management capacity.