Efficacy of Single-Task Versus Dual-Task Training on Motor Function in Stroke Survivors

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability globally, frequently resulting in substantial motor and cognitive impairments. Rehabilitation approaches that integrate cognitive and motor training, such as dual-task training, have the potential to improve recovery outcomes by minimizing dual-task interference. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of dual-task training, which combines cognitive and motor tasks performed simultaneously, compared with single-task motor training in stroke survivors. Methods: This prospective, randomized, comparative study enrolled 60 stroke survivors, who were randomly assigned to either the dual-task training group (n = 30) or the single-task training group (n = 30). Both groups underwent respective training protocols three times a week for four weeks. Primary outcome measures included the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), and the Figure of 8 Walk Test (F8WT), assessed at baseline, four weeks, and eight weeks. Results: The dual-task group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all outcome measures compared to the single-task group. A significant difference was observed in the TUG at four weeks (p = 0.035). Similarly, the dual-task group showed superior gains in gait performance as measured by the 10MWT at eight weeks (p = 0.021) and in walking coordination and balance assessed by the F8WT at both four and eight weeks (p = 0.042 and p = 0.039). These findings indicate that dual-task training provides greater functional improvement than single-task training in stroke survivors. Conclusion: Incorporating cognitive elements into motor rehabilitation through dual-task training significantly improves motor function outcomes in stroke survivors compared to single-task training alone. Rehabilitation protocols for stroke survivors should consider integrating dual-task protocols to optimize recovery and functional independence in this population.