Emerging trend of two-dimensional MBenes-based materials for zinc and lithium air batteries

Metal-air batteries (MABs) have attracted considerable attention as promising next-generation energy storage technology candidates due to their high theoretical energy densities and potential for sustainable applications. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) MBenes have gained significant importance as advanced electrocatalytic materials due to their outstanding features, including excellent thermal and chemical stability, moderate surface area, suitable magnetic and mechanical properties, and tunable electronic structure. In this review, a comprehensive overview of MAB technology, with particular focus on lithium-air batteries (LABs) and zinc-air batteries (ZABs), has been presented. The fundamental components of ZABs and LABs, as well as the operating mechanisms of these systems, are discussed in detail, followed by an in-depth exploration of the mechanistic pathways and kinetics of the OER and ORR. Moreover, the latest research on emerging 2D MBene-based materials as electrocatalysts for MAB electrode modification, particularly for air-cathode applications, is also included in this review. Main approaches to improving stability, conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity through electronic and structural modulation of MBenes are also highlighted. Furthermore, this review article provides future suggestions for the application of 2D MBenes in MABs. Finally, the present review bridges the existing knowledge gap and offers valuable insights into the growing class of materials for zinc-air and lithium-air batteries. MBenes (Two-dimensional transition metal borides) based materials for MABs (M = Zn and Li). • Components of metal air batteries. • Exploration of OER and ORR mechanisms. • Explanation of electrolytes. • Efficiencies of electrolyte additives. • Latest development of MBenes-based materials as an electrocatalyst for ZABs and LABs.