Sustainable hydrogen energy for Bangladesh: A critical review of production pathways, challenges, and future outlook

• Hydrogen as a Future Energy Solution: Evaluates hydrogen’s potential to diversify Bangladesh’s energy mix and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. • Technological Challenges: Identifies the barriers in scaling up hydrogen production technologies, such as cost, infrastructure, and efficiency. • Environmental Impact: Assesses hydrogen’s role in mitigating climate change by reducing carbon emissions and promoting clean energy. • Policy and Regulatory Framework: Highlights the need for strong government policies, incentives, and regulations to support hydrogen development. • Investment and Market Opportunities: Explores opportunities for investment in hydrogen infrastructure and its economic potential for job creation and energy export. The study is expected to make an important contribution to the existing body of knowledge on the various dimensions of sustainable hydrogen production methods within the context of the energy transition scenario of Bangladesh. With the rising concerns of energy security and environmental sustainability, hydrogen energy has now become an important alternative to the conventional use of fossil fuels. The manuscript would include an analysis of the various methods of hydrogen production, such as the use of electrolysis, biomass gasification, steam methane reforming, and the like. The manuscript would also cover the financial aspects of hydrogen production methods, such as the costs involved in the production of hydrogen, while also highlighting the possibility of the price of hydrogen becoming equivalent to that of fossil fuels. The manuscript would also draw lessons from the neighboring countries of Bangladesh that have gone through similar kinds of energy transitions, offering valuable insights into the various dimensions of the hydrogen energy scenario of the country. The manuscript would also include an important analysis of the hydrogen infrastructure development roadmap of the country, while also highlighting the long-term prospects of the hydrogen scenario of Bangladesh, keeping in view the future requirements of the country in terms of its energy security scenario. The review would also highlight the various dimensions of the hydrogen scenario of the country from the perspective of its long-term requirements while also underscoring the significance of adopting a holistic approach for the development of the hydrogen scenario of the country.