Route evaluation strategy of the Beijing-Tianjin multi-airport system based on the two-dimensional evaluation framework

With the rapid development of China’s civil aviation industry, the Beijing-Tianjin regional multi-airport system faces challenges such as route homogenization and low resource utilization efficiency. This paper evaluates selected routes operated by Beijing Capital Airport, Daxing Airport, and Tianjin Airport by comprehensively considering both operational level and efficiency. First, an improved entropy-TOPSIS model is applied to analyze the operational level of the airline routes. Next, a three-stage DEA model is used to evaluate the operational efficiency of the routes after removing the influence of environmental factors. Finally, based on the above evaluation results, a two-dimensional classification framework of ' operational level-operational efficiency ' is established to classify each airport route, and differentiated optimization suggestions are proposed for different types of routes. The results show that some routes with high operational levels have relatively low efficiency, while others with lower operational levels exhibit higher resource utilization. We provide scientific guidance for optimizing route resource allocation within the multi-airport system and offers recommendations for coordinated airport development.