Colloidal InSb Quantum Dots for Short-Wave Infrared Photodetection

Colloidal InSb quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as promising environmentally benign candidates for short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1400–2500 nm) detection. They offer a heavy-metal-free alternative to lead- and mercury-based IR QDs while maintaining the advantages of solution processability for low-cost optoelectronics. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent methodological advances and key developments in InSb QDs. It covers controlled synthesis routes from reactive precursors to co-reduction strategies and nucleation-growth mechanisms, as well as sophisticated surface engineering approaches such as surface passivation, ligand exchange, and core-shell structuring. We further discuss functional device architectures including photoconductors, photodiodes, and hybrid heterojunctions, highlighting critical progress in spectral extension and charge transport enhancement within QD films. Finally, we outline the fundamental challenges on the path to industrialization, focusing on precursor accessibility and reproducibility, surface oxidation and trap-state management, and device-level energy alignment. This review aims to deliver theoretical insights and actionable strategies for developing InSb QDs and advancing their high-performance, eco-friendly SWIR detection technologies.