The Role of Flupyradifuron in Inducing Apoptosis in HMC3 Cells: An In Vitro Analysis

ObjectiveFlupyradifurone, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely applied in pest management. The present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of flupyradifurone-induced toxicity in HMC3 microglial cells.Material and MethodCell viability was assessed by the MTT assay following exposure to flupyradifurone. In parallel, the expression of key apoptotic pathway genes, including MDM2, p53, and CASP9, as well as the apoptosisand cell viability–associated microRNA hsa-miR-21-5p, was evaluated using RT-PCR.ResultsThe results demonstrated that flupyradifurone induced dose-dependent cell death in HMC3 cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of MDM2, miR-21-5p, and an upregulation of p53 and CASP9 after 24 h of treatment.ConclusionThis study reveals that FDP causes cell death in HMC3 cells, and this process occurs through apoptosis.