Primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasm: a pediatric case review

Abstract Background Primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms are rare central nervous system tumors that arise from melanocytes within the leptomeninges. Given the rare nature of this tumor there is no established standard of care treatment. Case Summary We present a case of 16-year-old female with a primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasm that has required treatment for 6 years. Literature review identified 18 patients with primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms but only two were in pediatric patients. Conclusions Primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms are rare overall but represent an even rarer entity in the pediatric population. Given the rarity of this tumor more studies are needed to determine the best overall treatment. Multimodality treatment including embolization, resection, targeted therapy, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have all been utilized in our patient.