Retraction notice: FCM–VSEMLA: a lightweight framework integrating fuzzy clustering and ensemble learning for denial of service attacks detection in wireless sensor networks

The publisher of International Journal of Web Information Systems wishes to retract the article J. Obaid A (2025), “FCM–VSEMLA: a lightweight framework integrating fuzzy clustering and ensemble learning for denial of service attacks detection in wireless sensor networks”. International Journal of Web Information Systems, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. Link to the cited article. It has come to our attention that there are significant concerns regarding the authorship and the source of this article. The author cooperated with the investigation but failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to these concerns. As a result, the findings of the article cannot be relied upon. Emerald’s authorship policy guidelines make it clear that authorship is a fundamental aspect of transparency in the publication process and ensures accountability and responsibility for reported research. Further concerns were also raised as part of this investigation in that Figures 1-7 are taken, without full and proper attribution, from the following earlier original works: Ismail, S., El Mrabet, Z., & Reza, H. (2023). An Ensemble-Based Machine Learning Approach for Cyber-Attacks Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks. Applied Sciences, 13(1), 30. Link to the cited article; Ayuba John, Ismail Fauzi Bin Isnin, Syed Hamid Hussain Madni, Muhammed Faheem (2024), “Cluster-based wireless sensor network framework for denial-of-service attack detection based on variable selection ensemble machine learning algorithms”, Intelligent Systems with Applications, vol. 22, Link to the cited article. The submission guidelines for International Journal of Web Information Systems make it clear that articles must be original and not infringe any existing copyright. The decision to retract has been informed by Link to COPE’s guidelines on retractions and Link to the Emerald’s publishing ethics. The author of this article would like to note that they do not agree with the content of this notice. The publisher of the journal sincerely apologizes to the readers.