Global research status and trends in macrodactyly research: Bibliometric and visualized analysis from 2005 to 2025

Macrodactyly research has expanded over the past 2 decades, evolving from clinical descriptions to mechanistic studies driven by advances in molecular genetics. The identification of PIK3CA mutations has reshaped the field and introduced opportunities for targeted therapy. Despite increasing output, international collaboration remains limited. Future work should focus on multicenter studies, precision medicine approaches, and the development of evidence-based treatment strategies.