Isolation methods influence the biological properties of Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A comparative study of yield, viability, proliferation, differentiation potential, and proteomic profiles

This study clarifies how isolation- and growth factor-driven effects shape the functional properties and paracrine identity of WJ-MSCs. The non-scraped explant method with bFGF emerges as a robust, reproducible approach, yielding high-viability, phenotypically stable, and metabolically resilient MSCs. These findings provide a framework for standardized WJ-MSC production optimized for regenerative and immunomodulatory applications.