Association between antibiotic exposure and the risk of checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis in lung cancer patients

In lung cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, ATB exposure was associated with a substantially increased risk of CIP. ATB use, particularly broad-spectrum and orally administered regimens, should be carefully evaluated, and ICI-treated patients receiving ATBs warrant close monitoring. In patients with established CIP, routine prophylactic ATB therapy should be used judiciously given its association with worse outcomes.