Advances in evidence-based nursing for preventing adverse reactions to radiocontrast agents in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Radiocontrast media (CM) are indispensable in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) surgical care, yet their potential to trigger acute and delayed adverse reactions (ADR) poses serious threats to patient safety, can hinder postoperative recovery, and consume healthcare resources. In response to this challenge, evidence-based nursing (EBN) has emerged as a key scientific paradigm for precise prevention and the enhancement of nursing quality. This study aimed to systemically review recent advances in EBN for preventing CM-ADR in GI surgical patients, and to provide directions for clinical practice and research. We conducted systematic searches of English- and Chinese-language databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, etc.), integrating guidelines, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and high-quality observational studies. The application of EBN mainly centers on building a risk-assessment–based, individualized prevention framework; optimizing and standardizing hydration strategies; prudent implementation of pharmacologic prophylaxis; and, at the organizational level, promoting multidisciplinary collaboration and the establishment of standardized care pathways. Available evidence indicates that EBN can enhance the systematicity and predictability of preventive measures. By integrating the best available evidence, specialist experience, and patient preferences, EBN substantially improves the effectiveness of CM-ADR prevention. Future research should include high-quality interventional studies in GI surgical populations, the development of specialized risk-assessment tools, and the exploration of clinical decision support system applications.