A Low-Cost Wireless IoT-Based Temperature Monitoring System for Smart Agriculture and Hydroponics: Toward AIoT-Driven Solutions

This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost wireless IoT-based temperature monitoring system for smart agriculture and hydroponic applications. The proposed system integrates an embedded STM32 microcontroller, a DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, Bluetooth communication, RFID-based interaction, and a mobile application for real-time monitoring. The system enables continuous environmental data acquisition and user interaction while ensuring simplicity, scalability, and low deployment cost. This work contributes to the development of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) solutions for smart agriculture by providing a practical and adaptable architecture that can be extended toward intelligent and autonomous systems.