Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on work, life patterns, and coping behaviours of military personnel in Brunei Darussalam

The global impact of COVID-19 has significantly affected individuals and communities, including military personnel. This study explores self-reported, perceived changes in work and life patterns for military personnel in Brunei Darussalam, as well as coping strategies, protective factors, and recommendations in response to the pandemic's challenges. In January 2022, a cross-sectional online survey employing a mixed-methods approach was conducted with 1,007 Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) and Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) personnel, using convenience purposive sampling method. Data collected included demographic details, military service details, and participants' perceptions of changes in work and life patterns. Quantitative data, including coping behaviours and protective factors, were evaluated using validated scales, while qualitative data from open-ended responses provided recommendations for reducing psychological health issues. Statistical analysis included descriptive and comparative tests (t-test and ANOVA). Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. Findings indicated increased workload (46.6%), delayed sleep onset (37.1%), skipped naps (54.5%), and reduced physical activity (50.8%). Active coping mechanisms included seeking information on COVID-19 (96.6%), engaging in religious practices (96.4%), and following protective measures (96.3%). Protective factors included colleagues (96.9%) and family (96.1%) health, discussion and humor for stress reduction in the workplace (96.5%), a reduction in COVID-19 cases (94.9%), team support (92.9%), personal protective equipment (PPE) availability and its training (91.8%), and adequate rest and recovery (90.6%). This exploratory study provides a foundation for evidence-based interventions tailored to military personnel's needs. Optimising manpower allocation, balancing workloads, improving scheduling and strengthening resource availability, such as providing mental health support, adequate PPE and recovery facilities, are key priorities. Encouraging coping strategies, such as physical activity and religious engagement, can further enhance well-being. These measures aim to improve resilience and operational efficiency in future crises. Future studies should assess their effectiveness to ensure continued support for military personnel.