Great Empire between Decay and Upheaval: Austria 1848

As a result of the revolutions of 1848, numerous new constitutions were promulgated, particularly in Central Europe. The Swiss Confederation transformed from a loose confederation of states into a republican federal state modeled on the United States of America. Similarly, the German Confederation, as a confederation, was to be replaced by the "German Empire" as a federal state, but this ultimately failed. Individual German states, such as Bavaria and Hesse-Kassel, replaced their early constitutional constitutions with highly constitutional monarchical constitutions. Prussia received its first constitutional constitution. France also underwent a transformation: the monarchy was replaced by a republic. The revolutions in Austria and Hungary had a very different effect: Here, the issue was not just constitutional changes, but rather the very existence of the entire state, which threatened to disintegrate into individual parts, and especially the statehood of Hungary.