Digital Proxemics as Measures of Social Interaction in Hybrid XR
Hybrid meetings are the new reality, yet they lack the richness of face-to-face interaction. In shared spaces, virtual or physical, interaction relies on more than words: proximity, non-verbal cues, and subtle movements all shape communication. Proximity cap- tures how close we stand, where we face, and how we move around others. This paper investigates how proxemics in dyad and triad conversations translate across physical and virtual contexts. We conducted a study with 24 participants in four groups, complet- ing social tasks under four conditions: face-to-face, co-located XR, remote XR, and hybrid XR. Our instrumentation of physical and virtual environments enables direct comparison. The work con- tributes a rich open dataset of 2.3 million rows across 32 columns, supporting comparative and replicable analysis. This is the first study to compare proxemics across face-to-face, co-located XR, re- mote XR, and hybrid XR, offering a foundation for understanding how social space translates across contexts.
Authors
- Andreea Mirela Caragea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9290-5533)
- Julie Williamson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-1393)
- Kieran Waugh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3748-4905)
- Ross Johnstone
- Despoina Vasiliki Sampatakou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6101-7354)
- Iain McLean
Publication Details
- Journal
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)
- Published
- 2026-01-15
- Primary Topic
- Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00