Total Thyroidectomy: Indications and Clinicopathological Study

Background: Thyroid swellings are a significant component of endocrine pathology with varying etiologies ranging from benign conditions to malignancies.Accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical management are crucial for optimal outcomes.Objectives: To evaluate the clinicopathological profile of thyroid swellings and assess the correlation between clinical, radiological, and pathological findings impacting surgical management.Methods: This prospective hospital-based study was conducted on 30 subjects with anterior neck swellings at the ENT Department, GMC Nagpur, between April 2022 and June 2024.Detailed clinical assessment, thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH), fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), ultrasonography (USG), and preoperative investigations were performed.Histopathological evaluation of surgical specimens was done for final diagnosis.Results: Most subjects, 11 (36.66%), were between 31 and 40 years, with a mean age of 42.5 14.4 years.Female predominance was observed in 27 (90%).All cases presented with anterior neck swelling, while dysphagia and dyspnea were noted in three (10%) and five (16%) of subjects, respectively.Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed colloid goiter in 14 (47%) of cases, and histopathological examination confirmed colloid goiter in 14 (47%), follicular carcinoma in 4 (13.3%), and papillary carcinoma in 4 (13.3%) of cases. Conclusion:The study highlights the importance of clinicopathological evaluation for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of thyroid swellings.The findings emphasize the role of FNAC and histopathological analysis in guiding surgical decisions.