Predicting heart failure decompensation: focus on non-invasive monitoring

PolandAbstractHeart failure (HF) remains the foremost global health problem. Decompensation of chronic HF, char-acterized by exacerbation of symptoms and signs of congestion, reduces functional capacity and quality of life, and increases the risk for hospitalizations and mortality. To reduce the HF burden, patients at elevated decompensation risk must be quickly identified. However, reliable, validated risk scores for the prediction of worsening HF are lacking. Therefore, this clinically oriented review aims to outline the clinical factors predisposing for HF decompensation and discuss modern strategies for the non-invasive monitoring of patients with chronic HF, including telemonitoring and artificial intelligence-based tools.