Antiparaziter İlaçların Nanopartikül Bazlı Formülasyonları: Avantajları, Sınırlamaları ve Gelecek Perspektifleri

Parasitic infections remain a major global challenge in veterinary medicine, affecting both animal welfare and agricultural productivity. These infections often result in chronic diseases and substantial economic losses, particularly in livestock. Although chemical antiparasitic drugs are the cornerstone of treatment and prevention, their clinical effectiveness is frequently limited by poor solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and the growing problem of drug resistance. Such limitations have driven research toward innovative delivery strategies that can improve pharmacological efficacy. Nanotechnology has recently emerged as one of the most promising approaches in this regard. Nanoparticle-based formulations, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and metallic nanostructures, can enhance drug solubility, stability, and controlled release while enabling targeted delivery to intracellular parasites. Numerous studies have demonstrated the superior efficacy and reduced toxicity of nanoformulated antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel, artemisinin, and nitazoxanide. Furthermore, these nanosystems offer new opportunities for resistance management and the development of long-acting formulations that improve treatment compliance. This review summarizes current advances in nanoparticle-based antiparasitic therapies, emphasizing their pharmacological advantages and potential applications in modern veterinary pharmacology.