Small Modular Reactors in Defense: International Cases and Strategic Implications for South Korea

Small Modular Reactors(SMRs) are drawing interest as a way to strengthen energy security for South Korea’s military, especially where reliable power is a challenge—like remote bases or risky deployment areas. Leading countries, including the U.S., Russia, and China, have already tested or set up SMRs in mobile or maritime environments. This paper looks at those examples and evaluates what might be realistically possible for Korea given current technical and industrial conditions. The analysis focuses not only on the technology itself but also on practical issues like safety, regulation, and non-proliferation. It points out specific gaps and challenges in Korea’s industrial base that need addressing for SMR adoption to move forward. Possible sites for initial deployment include command centers, isolated bases, and offshore platforms—places where stable power is essential for mission success. Based on these findings, a gradual introduction is recommended, starting with pilot projects and updated regulations. Civil-military cooperation will be key. Ultimately, SMRs could do more than just provide electricity; they might give South Korea’s defense sector a strategic way to link energy innovation with security needs.