A Tier-Based Lightweight Engagement Simulation Framework and Its Quantitative Evaluation

In engagement-level simulations, it is often difficult to apply a uniform time resolution due to differing characteristics of individual entities. This study presents a lightweight simulation structure that allows each entity to operate with its own time resolution, and evaluates its computational and accuracy characteristics using a representative engagement scenario. The target performs periodic evasive maneuvers, and the missile follows terminal proportional navigation to examine the effects of resolution differences. The proposed structure combines periodic updates with event-based processing, enabling resolution adjustment without simplifying the physical models. Results show that the structure reduces computational load while maintaining accuracy comparable to a high-resolution reference model. In contrast, a uniformly low-resolution model exhibited increased miss-distance errors. The study provides baseline characteristics of an engagement simulation structure with adjustable resolution.