Brain-Hand Function Relationships Based on Level of Grasp Function in Chronic Left-Hemisphere Stroke

Background and Objective The biomarkers of hand function may differ based on level of motor impairment after stroke. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between resting state functional connectivity (RsFC) and unimanual contralesional hand function after stroke and whether brain-behavior relationships differ based on level of grasp function. Methods Sixty-two individuals with chronic, left-hemisphere stroke were separated into three functional levels based on Box and Blocks Test performance with the contralesional hand: Low (moved 0 blocks), Moderate (moved >0% but < 90% of blocks relative to the ipsilesional hand), and High (moved ≥90% of blocks relative to the ipsilesional hand). Results RsFC in the ipsilesional and interhemispheric motor networks was reduced in the Low group compared to the Moderate and High groups. While interhemispheric RsFC correlated with hand function (grip strength and Stroke Impact Scale Hand) across the sample, contralesional RsFC correlated with hand function in the Low group and no measures of connectivity correlated with hand function in the Moderate and High groups. Linear regression modeling found that contralesional RsFC significantly predicted hand function in the Low group, while no measure correlated with hand function in the High group. Corticospinal tract integrity was the only predictor of hand function for the Moderate group and in an analysis across the entire sample. Conclusions Differences in brain-hand function relationships based on level of motor impairment may have implications for predictive models of treatment response and the development of intervention protocols aimed at improving hand function after stroke.