The integration of omics and targeted screening strategies determining the antioxidant activity in Cleome gynandra L.

Cleome gynandra L. , belonging to the genus Cleome in the family Clusiaceae, is an annual herb widely distributed across China. This plant is known for its long history and significant regional value, and although its antioxidant potential has been recognized, the related active components and mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. To systematically elucidate its antioxidant activity, this study integrated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant model evaluations, metabolomics, and network pharmacology approaches to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of C. gynandra L. extracts. The results showed that C. gynandra L. extracts, particularly the 90% ethanol extract, exhibited significant antioxidant activity and effectively alleviated oxidative stress damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that its effects were characterized by multi-component and multi-target actions, likely mediated through the regulation of "PI3K-Akt pathway". This study provides a comprehensive elucidation of the material basis and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant effects of C. gynandra L. , offering theoretical support for its further development as a functional food. • Integration of omics and targeted screening provides insights. • 90% ethanol extract shows superior in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. • Metabolomics identifies enriched core antioxidants: adenosine, quercetin, taurine, adenine. • Key metabolites synergistically activate PI3K-Akt-Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defence pathways.