AI-Driven Dynamic Resource Allocation for Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communication Networks: Modeling, Algorithms, and Performance Evaluation

The object of this research is resource management and energy consumption processes in optical fiber communication networks with access–metro–core architectures. The study addresses the problem that conventional static and semi-dynamic control methods are unable to simultaneously ensure energy efficiency and QoS stability under conditions of exponentially growing and highly variable traffic. To solve this problem, an AI-based integrated control model was developed that combines traffic prediction, dynamic resource allocation, spectrum management, and power optimization within a unified framework. Traffic prediction is performed using LSTM–BiRNN neural networks (1.2–1.8 million parameters, 300–500 thousand records), while control decisions are generated by an Actor–Critic reinforcement learning algorithm. Simulation results obtained in the Python 3.12 and OptiSystem 17.0 environments demonstrate that, in the Access segment (1–10 Gb/s), latency is stabilized within 1–10 ms; in the Metro segment (40–120 Gb/s), energy consumption is reduced by 18–27%; and in the Core segment (400–1000 Gb/s), the efficiency of RSA algorithms increases by 22–35%. When the EDFA output power is maintained within +17 to +23 dBm, amplifier power consumption decreases by 10–15%, resulting in overall network energy savings of 20–40%. The obtained results are explained by the synergy of accurate traffic prediction provided by the LSTM–BiRNN model and proactive real-time decision-making enabled by the Actor–Critic algorithm. The distinctive feature of the proposed approach is the simultaneous optimization of energy efficiency and QoS across all access, metro, and core segments within a single integrated architecture. The results can be practically applied in the design and modernization of optical fiber communication networks, as well as in the deployment of energy-efficient intelligent network management systems.