EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN RATS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MODIFIED KETOGENIC DIET

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, which leads to systemic pathological changes in internal organs and hemodynamic disturbances. The present experimental study investigates the effect of metabolic syndrome on hemodynamic parameters and morphological changes in rats, as well as evaluates the therapeutic effectiveness of a modified ketogenic diet. Metabolic syndrome was modeled in Wistar rats through a high-fat diet combined with a 10% fructose solution. The animals were divided into six experimental groups including healthy controls, rats receiving traditional and modified ketogenic diets, and rats with metabolic syndrome with or without dietary intervention. Hemodynamic parameters such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured using the tail-cuff method, while morphological changes in internal organs were assessed through histological analysis. The results demonstrated that metabolic syndrome significantly increased blood pressure and heart rate and caused pathological changes in the lungs, heart, and liver, including fibrosis, inflammation, and hypoxia. Dietary intervention with ketogenic diets showed a corrective effect on these disturbances. The modified ketogenic diet, enriched with fish, wheat bran, olive oil, and medium-chain triglycerides, proved to be more effective in normalizing hemodynamic parameters and reducing morphological damage compared to the traditional ketogenic diet. These findings suggest that modified ketogenic dietary strategies may have potential therapeutic value in mitigating metabolic syndrome–related complications and improving cardiovascular and respiratory function.