Orbit-Prior-Guided Target-Centered Stacking for Space Surveillance and Tracking Under Dynamic-Platform Optical Observations

In visible-light optical observations for Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) from ground-based dynamic platforms, attitude disturbances and field-of-view discontinuities frequently undermine interframe geometric consistency, leading to energy diffusion and unstable gain in multi-frame stacking for faint space objects. We propose orbit-prior- guided target-centered stacking (OPG-TCS), a tracking-oriented post-processing method designed to stabilize target energy accumulation and improve enhancement reliability under dynamic observation conditions. OPG-TCS performs frame-wise astrometric calibration using star fields (WCS) and leverages projected orbit priors to predict target pixel locations, enabling local cropping and target-centered alignment/stacking without relying on full-frame geometric consistency. We evaluate OPG-TCS on multiple real-world dynamic-platform sequences and compare it with direct stacking and representative robust baselines. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used as the primary metric, while auxiliary indicators of peak prominence, energy concentration, and shape consistency are employed to assess robustness across varying stacking depths. The results show that OPG-TCS provides stable enhancement over different frame counts; in representative 50-frame fusions, its relative SNR surpasses direct stacking by 33.7–97.8%. These findings suggest that OPG-TCS offers a practical and robust enhancement strategy for SST-oriented observation of faint space objects, supporting more reliable detection and subsequent tracking analysis.