Fungicide Sensitivity Profiles of <i>Botrytis</i> Isolates from Blueberry and Red Raspberry Fields in Washington and Oregon

<i>Botrytis</i> spp. cause major economic losses for small fruit growers in Washington and Oregon, the top blueberry- and red raspberry-producing states in the U.S. Pre- and post-harvest fruit rots are conventionally managed through repeated within-season applications of fungicides from various Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) groups. As such, monitoring fungicide resistance profiles of <i>Botrytis</i> spp. from small fruit fields is crucial. To this end, in 2022 and 2023 a total of 708 and 305 <i>Botrytis</i> isolates were obtained from blueberry (WA and OR) and red raspberry (WA) fields, respectively. These isolates were screened against technical grade fungicides at discriminatory doses using in vitro conidial germ tube growth assays. Across years, isolates from blueberry showed varying resistance frequencies to fungicides tested: boscalid (60%; FRAC 7), fluopyram (49%; FRAC 7), fluxapyroxad (38%; FRAC 7), isofetamid (21%; FRAC 7), pyrimethanil (19%; FRAC 9), cyprodinil (4%; FRAC 9), pyraclostrobin (68%; FRAC 11), azoxystrobin (62%; FRAC 11), and fenhexamid (34%; FRAC 17). <i>Botrytis</i> isolates from red raspberry displayed the highest resistance frequency to fluopyram (79%), followed by pyrimethanil (31%), boscalid (30%), fluxapyroxad (22%), isofetamid (21%), and cyprodinil (6%). Cross-resistance was prevalent for fungicides in FRAC group 11 and for various fungicide combinations within FRAC group 7. The unique fungicide resistance patterns seen here compared to previous studies in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere highlight the need for ongoing fungicide resistance monitoring in small fruits.

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Journal
Plant Disease
Published
2026-03-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-26-0162-re
Primary Topic
Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
Type
article
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article

Fungicide Sensitivity Profiles of Botrytis Isolates from Blueberry and Red Raspberry Fields in Washington and Oregon

Virginia O. Stockwell, Jeffery A. DeLong, Chakradhar Mattupalli, Roshani Baral et al.
Plant Disease
Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
article

Fungicide Sensitivity Profiles of Botrytis Isolates from Blueberry and Red Raspberry Fields in Washington and Oregon

Virginia O. Stockwell, Jeffery A. DeLong, Chakradhar Mattupalli, Roshani Baral, Mary Steele
article en

Abstract

<i>Botrytis</i> spp. cause major economic losses for small fruit growers in Washington and Oregon, the top blueberry- and red raspberry-producing states in the U.S. Pre- and post-harvest fruit rots are conventionally managed through repeated within-season applications of fungicides from various Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) groups. As such, monitoring fungicide resistance profiles of <i>Botrytis</i> spp. from small fruit fields is crucial. To this end, in 2022 and 2023 a total of 708 and 305 <i>Botrytis</i> isolates were obtained from blueberry (WA and OR) and red raspberry (WA) fields, respectively. These isolates were screened against technical grade fungicides at discriminatory doses using in vitro conidial germ tube growth assays. Across years, isolates from blueberry showed varying resistance frequencies to fungicides tested: boscalid (60%; FRAC 7), fluopyram (49%; FRAC 7), fluxapyroxad (38%; FRAC 7), isofetamid (21%; FRAC 7), pyrimethanil (19%; FRAC 9), cyprodinil (4%; FRAC 9), pyraclostrobin (68%; FRAC 11), azoxystrobin (62%; FRAC 11), and fenhexamid (34%; FRAC 17). <i>Botrytis</i> isolates from red raspberry displayed the highest resistance frequency to fluopyram (79%), followed by pyrimethanil (31%), boscalid (30%), fluxapyroxad (22%), isofetamid (21%), and cyprodinil (6%). Cross-resistance was prevalent for fungicides in FRAC group 11 and for various fungicide combinations within FRAC group 7. The unique fungicide resistance patterns seen here compared to previous studies in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere highlight the need for ongoing fungicide resistance monitoring in small fruits.

Plant Disease
University of Nebraska–Lincoln (US), Mount Vernon Nazarene University (US), Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory (US), Skagit Valley College (US), Washington State University (US)
Reduced inequalities, Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 37%
Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
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