Molecular and genomic advances in breast cancer: A comprehensive review of predictive and therapeutic innovations

Abstract Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer among females globally, besides being the top causes of cancer deaths. The reason for the complexity is the variety of its molecular and clinical subtypes causing huge difficulties with both diagnosis and management. Although screening and early detection have resulted in better survival rates in most countries, the prevalence of breast cancer is great in developing regions as compared to their populations. There has been an impressive development in the genetic and molecular insight into breast cancer development over the last 10 years. Clinicians can detect the presence of critical mutations and the progression of diseases in real time with the help of such technological advances as next‐generation sequencing and liquid biopsies. Treatment strategies based on molecular subtyping and multi‐omic data integration are beginning to transform care and customized treatment approaches. Besides, artificial intelligence is being used in diagnostic imaging and treatment planning, which will add to accuracy and improve results for patients. This review of molecular biology and genomics of breast cancer proclaims its potential in immune‐therapeutics, bioinformatics and precision medicine. The significance of the involvement of genomic data in everyday care, the potential of immunotherapeutic, and the place of computational tools in the development of precision medicine. Such breakthroughs are promising in reducing the mortality rate and optimizing long‐term survival.