A Mixed Methods Analysis of an Adapted Fitness Program for Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

While many benefits exist from regular engagement in physical activity (PA), adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities often do not engage in the recommended levels of PA needed to access those benefits. Barriers, such as a lack of accessible environments or knowledgeable support staff, have been shown to limit participation in PA. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach to, first, examine the quantitative fitness outcomes of 31 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities enrolled in an adapted fitness program, followed, second, by inspecting qualitative field observations of fitness classes and interviews with their fitness instructor for possible explanations of the earlier findings. Quantitatively, there was a significant reduction in body mass index after 12 months of participation, while additional fitness outcomes (such as situps and balance) were maintained. Qualitative findings from conducted field observations and interviews provided a possible rationale for these quantitative outcomes. Five themes were generated: (1) personalized goal setting; (2) progressive challenge; (3) safe and flexible environments; (4) connection and belonging; and (5) celebration of progress. These findings, in total, highlight the importance of building capability, providing opportunities, and incorporating motivational strategies to ensure that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities can achieve positive outcomes from PA engagement.