Extramural English and social interaction

Abstract Research shows that adolescents learn English as a foreign/second language (L2) extramurally, but few studies have explored the connection between extramural English (EE), speaking, and interactional competence (IC). This exploratory mixed-methods study investigates 21 10th-grade L2 English learners in Norway and Flanders who answered an EE questionnaire and participated in a video-recorded speaking test (National English Speaking Test, NEST). They were assessed on speaking and IC. Results showed a slight significant correlation between total EE and NEST scores ( r s = .462, p = .047), a strong correlation between the factor “EE Social Interaction” and NEST scores ( r s = .696, p < .001), but no correlations with the IC-score. However, close analyses (Conversation Analysis) of recorded interaction data indicated an EE — IC relation in terms of displayed competencies.

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Publication Details

Journal
ITL Review of Applied Linguistics
Published
2026-03-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.25024.sun
Primary Topic
EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Extramural English and social interaction

Pia Sundqvist, Erica Sandlund
ITL Review of Applied Linguistics
EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
article

Extramural English and social interaction

Pia Sundqvist, Erica Sandlund
article en

Abstract

Abstract Research shows that adolescents learn English as a foreign/second language (L2) extramurally, but few studies have explored the connection between extramural English (EE), speaking, and interactional competence (IC). This exploratory mixed-methods study investigates 21 10th-grade L2 English learners in Norway and Flanders who answered an EE questionnaire and participated in a video-recorded speaking test (National English Speaking Test, NEST). They were assessed on speaking and IC. Results showed a slight significant correlation between total EE and NEST scores ( r s = .462, p = .047), a strong correlation between the factor “EE Social Interaction” and NEST scores ( r s = .696, p < .001), but no correlations with the IC-score. However, close analyses (Conversation Analysis) of recorded interaction data indicated an EE — IC relation in terms of displayed competencies.

ITL Review of Applied Linguistics
University of Oslo (NO), Karlstad University (SE)
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 23%
EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
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Extramural English and social interaction — Pia Sundqvist, Erica Sandlund · ITL Review of Applied Linguistics (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS